Events are informational notification messages passed between objects in the server. Many are also passed from the server to the client. They are defined in .res files under the hl2/resource folder and resource folders of specific mods. For a basic listing, see Source2 Game Events.
It is important to note a few concepts about events:
They are almost always informational. That is, blocking player_death will not stop a player from dying. It may block a HUD or console message or something else minor.
They almost always use userids instead of client slots.
Just because it is in a resource file does not mean it is ever called, or works the way you expect it to. Mods are notorious for not properly documenting their event functionality.
An example of finding when a player dies:
public void RegisterEvents()
{
HookEvent("player_death", Event_PlayerDeath);
}
public static void Event_PlayerDeath(string name, nint event, bool dontBroadcast)
{
int victim_id = GetEventInt(event, "userid");
int attacker_id = GetEventInt(event, "attacker");
int victim = victim_id + 1;
int attacker = attacker_id + 1;
/* CODE */
}